CHILDREN’S DISABILITY AT THE LEVEL OF A REGION OF THE EUROPEAN                                  PART OF RUSSIA: PROBLEMS OF PROPHYLAXIS 

Ershova Oksana Nikolaevna, Senior lecturer, sub-department of social work and social law, Russian State Social University (branch in Cheboksary) (20 Khuzangaya street, Cheboksary, Russia), rgsu_cheb@mail.ru
Makarova Nadezhda Vasil'evna, Doctor of medical sciences, head of sub-department of social work and social law, Russian State Social University (branch in Cheboksary) (20 Khuzangaya street, Cheboksary, Russia), rgsu_cheb@mail.ru

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Background. The purpose of the investigation was to study the regional characteristics of the state of children's disability, determinants and conditions for the prevention priorities formation.
Materials and methods. The authors studied the structure of general and primary disability in child population of the Chuvash Republic by forms of disease, sex, age and type of settlement. Study of features of the dynamics of the phenomenon under investigation was carried out by comparison and analysis of time series with calculation of the rate of growth and decrease, performance visibility and regression coefficients
of variation.
Results. The prevalence of disability in the child population of Chuvashia is 2,0 % and it includes a significant proportion (34,8 %) of children aged 10–14 years and is associated with socio – economic, health – institutional, ecological and biogeochemical factors. The leading causes of children’s disability are mental and behavioral disorders (I place), congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (II place) and nervous system diseases (III place). The frequency of the primary registration of children as disabled people ranges from 28,5 to 22,4 per 10 thousand of the child population, the maximum aged 0 to 3 years and uneven in the administrative regions and municipalities of the compact republic. The index of the primary children’s disability in the countryside is consistently higher than among urban; boys are registered as the disabled more often than girls. The main factors of the primary children’s disability are congenital anomalies, mental disorders and diseases of the nervous system. Regression analysis of primary children’s disability bears evidence of growth prespective of disorders of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues, diseases of the nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system, endocrine system and cancer against the background of the decreasing incidence of birth defects and mental disorders, occupying the leading position in the structure of disabilities. The level of general and primary disability of children living in areas of ecological – biogeochemical and disaster risk is higher than in the areas of crisis and a favourbale zone of the optimum. The prevalence of disability in the child population is affected by complex risk factors, significantly changing its frequency and structure, reducing the quality of life and determining a poor forecast that dictates the need to improve its prevention.

children's disability, prevalence, primary disability, prevention

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